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L'osteoporosi
| Posted on March 10, 2014 at 7:37 PM |
L’osteoporosi è
un disordine scheletrico caratterizzato da un deficit quantitativo di
massa ossea e da un’alterata architettura ossea; queste due
problematiche vanno a compromettere la resistenza dell’osso
aumentando il rischio di fratture.
 L’osteoporosi
viene classificata in due grandi gruppi: l’osteoporosi primaria,
in cui troviamo l’osteoporosi post-menopausale, quella senile e
quella del giovane adulto e l’osteoporosi secondaria,
associata quindi a cause scatenanti quali per esempio altre patologie
(ipertiroidismo, mieloma multiplo, osteogenesi imperfetta), l’uso
prolungato di farmaci come il cortisone e l’eparina, l’immobilità.Si stima che circa
10 milioni di americani siano affetti da osteoporosi, di cui l’80%
costituito da donne, e altri 34 milioni siano soggetti a rischio. Esistono dei
fattori di rischio che permettono di valutare la possibilità o meno
di essere soggetti dalla patologia, come una forte familiarità
positiva (storie materne di fratture), comparsa di menopausa precoce
(meno di 45 anni), amenorrea per più di 6 mesi, basso indice di
massa corporeo o BMI, uso prolungato di farmaci come il cortisone,
immobilizzazione prolungata, presenza di malattie endocrine e
gastrointestinali, trapianti d’organo. L’osteoporosi in
sé è asintomatica, ma è associata ad un elevato rischio di
complicanze: le fratture. Si può
intervenire?
Ovviamente sì, in
particolare è di fondamentale importanza la prevenzione per impedire
o rallentare la comparsa della malattia attraverso la correzione dei
fattori di rischio. In che modo? La National
Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) ha indicato cinque linee guida per
prevenire l’osteoporosi:
Un ruolo di
primaria importanza spetta all’esercizio fisico: è stato
dimostrato che l’attività fisica incide in modo positivo sul
rimodellamento osseo, per cui attività come camminare, salire le
scale, fino alla corsa (per i più giovani) sono consigliate nella
prevenzione dell’osteoporosi. Un ulteriore
spazio va dato alla prevenzione delle cadute, soprattutto
nella popolazione anziana: fratture di colonna vertebrale, di femore
e di polso sono conseguenze estremamente frequenti dell’alterata
resistenza ossea. Cosa fare? Bisogna cercare di
eliminare tutti quei pericoli che possono portare ad instabilità e
cadute:
Ecco
alcuni esercizi da poter eseguire da subito in modo autonomo: ESERCIZIO
1:  distesi
a pancia in su con le ginocchia leggermente piegate e le braccia
lungo i fianchi, sollevare il bacino contraendo i glutei. Ripetere
2 volte una serie da 10. ESERCIZIO
2:  in
piedi, sostenendosi a una sedia o a un tavolo, piegare lentamente le
ginocchia mantenendo la schiena dritta. Ripetere
2 volte una serie da 15. ESERCIZIO
3:  in
piedi a fianco a una sedia o a un tavolo per sostenersi, allontanare
una gamba dall’altra e poi ritornare lentamente alla posizione di
partenza. Ripetere
20 volte per gamba. ESERCIZIO
4:  distesi
a pancia in su, eseguire un movimento dal basso verso l’alto
tenendo il bastone dritto (per rendere l’esercizio ancora più
efficace si può attaccare un pesetto, tipo cavigliera, al bastone). Ripetere
20 volte. …ma
abbandonare il proprio stile di vita sedentario (preferire le scale
all’ascensore o scendere una fermata prima con l’autobus ad
esempio) è già un ottimo inizio! Bibliografia
“Esercizio
terapeutico: fondamenti e tecniche” C. Kisner, L. A. Colby “Atlante
di anatomia ortopedica di Netter” J. C. Thompson www.siommms.it
Società Italiana dell'Osteoporosi del Metabolismo Minerale e delle
Malattie dello Scheletro Per
le immagini: www.besport.org |
Categories: MEDICINA
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