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L'Artrite Reumatoide
Posted on February 5, 2014 at 5:24 AM |
Questa patologia viene anche definita Poliartrite Cronica
Primaria: l’infiammazione infatti colpisce più articolazioni (poli), ha un
andamento progressivo (cronica) e non presenta una causa nota (primaria).
Il primo bersaglio dell’artrite reumatoide è la membrana sinoviale
(la membrana interna che riveste la capsula articolare) con conseguente
degenerazione della superficie articolare, deformazione e compromissione
irreversibile dell’articolazione stessa. I sintomi più frequenti sono tipici del
processo infiammatorio, quali arrossamento, calore, gonfiore articolare e
prolungata rigidità mattutina. Questi di certo non sono gli unici. L’AR infatti è
una malattia “sistemica” e può provocare per esempio sintomi oculari,
respiratori, cardiaci e in particolare la comparsa dei cosiddetti “noduli
reumatoidi”. Le articolazioni maggiormente colpite
sono quelle delle dita (metacarpo-falangee e interfalangee prossimali), polsi,
gomiti, colonna cervicale, ginocchia e caviglie. L’AR ha una prevalenza compresa tra
lo 0,3% e l’1,5% della popolazione mondiale e in Italia la
percentuale si aggira attorno allo 0,5%; colpisce tutte le età con un picco tra i 35 e
i 50 anni e con un rapporto femmine:maschi di 3:1. Per quanto riguarda la terapia,
oltre al trattamento farmacologico, il ruolo della fisioterapia è di estrema
importanza per ridurre dolore e tumefazioni articolari, ripristinare il range
articolare, migliorare il tono muscolare e la resistenza fisica. Il paziente
stesso può adottare dei piccoli accorgimenti per andare a stressare il meno
possibile le articolazioni, come per esempio:
Esistono in particolare consigli
utili per quanto riguarda le attività quotidiane:
Qui troverete qualche esempio di
esercizi da poter effettuare indipendentemente: ESERCIZIO 1: auto-stretching:
in posizione seduta unire le mani dietro la schiena, mantenendo i gomiti estesi
e la schiena dritta; portare indietro le spalle (immaginate come se le vostre
mani fossero tirate indietro da una corda). Mantenere
la posizione per 30 secondi. ESERCIZIO 2: auto-stretching:
in piedi, piegare il ginocchio e afferrare la caviglia con la mano, facendo
attenzione a non piegare la schiena (potete appoggiare l’altra mano ad un piano
per essere più stabili). Mantenere
la posizione per 30 secondi per ciascuna gamba. ESERCIZIO 3: distesi
a pancia in su con la schiena ben appoggiata a terra, piegare la gamba e con il
braccio opposto avvicinarla al petto; distendere l’altro braccio verso l’alto
contemporaneamente. Mantenere
la posizione per 15 secondi per ciascuna gamba; ripetere due volte. ESERCIZIO 4: distesi
a pancia in giù con i gomiti appoggiati, sollevare il busto cercando di non
staccare la pancia da terra. Mantenere
la posizione per 15 secondi; ripetere due volte. Quelli che vi abbiamo proposto sono semplici esempi di
esercizi che si possono svolgere benissimo a casa, ma in generale si raccomanda
di adottare uno stile di vita sano e di praticare regolare esercizio fisico
(camminare, nuotare, fare stretching, ecc.). Bibliografia: “Esercizio terapeutico: fondamenti e tecniche” C. Kisner, L.
A. Colby www.anmar-italia.it“Associazione Nazionale Malati
Reumatici” “Atlante di anatomia ortopedica di Netter” J. C. Thompson Per le immagini: |
Categories: MEDICINA
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