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L'artrosi dell'anca, patologia ed esercizi
| Posted on July 27, 2013 at 7:05 AM |
 L’artrosi
è una delle patologie più frequenti a carico delle articolazioni.
La prima classificazione dell'osteoartrosi è composta da due gruppi
principali: PRIMARIA (artrosi generalizzata e localizzata) e
SECONDARIA (in seguito a traumatismi, anomalie di sviluppo,
malattie metaboliche e artriti). L'artrosi dell’anca ha varie
cause, tra le quali la più frequente è l'artrite reumatoide. Un
terzo circa dei pazienti ha una leggera displasia acetabolare (una
cavità acetabolare poco profonda) e un altro terzo ha una cavità
acetabolare retroversa. Entrambe queste condizioni riducono la
superficie di contatto della testa del femore con l’acetabolo,
aumentando la pressione di contatto e rendendo l'usura più
probabile. La caratteristica principale è la perdita progressiva
della cartilagine articolare con una diminuzione dello spazio
articolare che diventa doloroso. L'insorgere della rigidità
facilita lo sviluppo di osteofiti (speroni ossei) che incrementano la
rigidità, rendendo difficile per il paziente compiere movimenti
quotidiani come indossare le calze e le scarpe. Viene così ad
instaurarsi un quadro generale di “accorciamento”, con deformità
in adduzione e rotazione esterna dell’anca, spesso accompagnate da
una retrazione in flessione (La riabilitazione in ortopedia,
Brotzman e Wilk, 2004). I principali fattori di rischio sono la
famigliarità, l'eccesso ponderale, eventuali fratture pregresse o
attività sportive/lavorative usuranti, malformazioni congenite o
patologie a carico del sistema scheletrico. Le sensazioni più
avvertite dal paziente sono: la limitazione funzionale e il
dolore
di tipo meccanico,
presente prevalentemente al carico, che peggiora con l’attività
fisica e trae beneficio dal riposo. Questo può essere associato a
rigidità mattutina che non si protrae mai oltre i 30 minuti. E'
importante ricordare che non
sempre l'entità dell'alterazione strutturale correla con l'intensità
del dolore(Creamer
P.2004).Qui
di seguito riportiamo pochi semplici esercizi da compiere per
mantenere una buona articolarità e un buona forza muscolare in
ASSENZA
DI PROTESI ALL'ANCA(La riabilitazione in ortopedia,
Brotzman e Wilk, 2004).        |
Categories: MEDICINA
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